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>View discussions about this entry Country: United States
Organization: Global Integrity
Focus of activity - Institutional Development
Year the initative began (yyyy) - 1999
Positioning in the Mosaic of solutions
Description of initiative - What is the main focus (products, services, etc.) of your initiative and how does it contribute to ending corruption? What avenues of corruption are you primarily addressing? What activities does it involve for your organization? Who are your primary beneficiaries and target groups? Corruption is a cancer. It cannot be cured. It can, however, be successfully contained and treated through good governance. Global Integrity monitors the systems that prevent, deter, and curb corruption.
The international anti-corruption community requires objective, trustworthy metrics to improve anti-corruption interventions and advocacy efforts. Global Integrity meets that need by assessing the laws, institutions, and mechanisms designed to promote accountability and curb corruption in any country. Using local in-country journalists and academic researchers, Global Integrity produces a detailed scorecard of anti-corruption systems in nations worldwide, providing an actionable roadmap for reform. We do not attempt to measure “corruption,” which because of its criminal nature is effectively impossible. Global Integrity assesses the existence and effectiveness of key governance institutions. We explore the gap between what is promised in law (de jure) and what is delivered in practice (de facto). Our in-country teams of experts transparently score a set of 290 international best practices (the Integrity Indicators) which determine how well nations adopt and enforce anti-corruption mechanisms. Each indicator score is anchored to unique scoring criteria; backed by expert local commentary, references, and critical peer-review perspectives; and published on our Web site. These data are used to generate the annual Global Integrity Index, an accessible rating designed to spark internal dialogue and debate. Alongside this quantitative data sits a deliberately qualitative “Reporter’s Notebook” which describes, from a local journalist’s perspective, how the average citizen experiences corruption in day-to-day life. This information is a powerful catalyst. Utilized routinely by aid agencies, local activists, journalists and academics, these assessments provide a clear roadmap for improving the institutions and mechanisms that fight corruption. Innovation - How does your approach differ from existing programs in the field? Which components of your initiative are particularly novel or unique (e.g. the products and services, the technology used, the delivery or financing mechanism)? Global Integrity is unique for at least two distinct reasons: 1) we objectively quantify the existence and implementation of anti-corruption mechanisms and institutions, and 2) we collaborate with in-country teams to apply a consistent methodology across an ever-growing range of countries.
Existing corruption perception indices rely on aggregating third-party public opinion surveys, often opinions of foreign businessmen and businesswomen working in the country. These survey-based tools are a useful measure of the "output" of national anti-corruption efforts, reflecting how much a population trusts its government and perceives the level of corruption to be. Global Integrity however, examines the "inputs" to that same system: the national anti-corruption framework provided by the laws and institutions designed to fight corruption. The relationship between such governance "inputs" and "outputs" is a complex one. For instance, improving government transparency or media freedom may in practice reveal increasing numbers of scandals, potentially lowering public trust in government, even though the anti-corruption mechanisms themselves are improved. We believe that understanding those "inputs" is essential because they can provide a specific action plan for reform. Governments cannot easily affect the “outputs” – what people perceive the corruption environment to be. But Global Integrity's peer-reviewed expert assessments provide a huge volume of information that can pinpoint specific, actionable points of intervention down to individual institutions, laws and their enforcement. Global Integrity gathers this information from the field through an innovative Web-based collaboration system, successfully deployed in some of the poorest countries in the world. This customized system is redefining the limits of technology in development work and is being replicated by other NGOs in the field. Delivery Model - How does your initiative reach its target populations? What communications mechanism(s) do you have in place? How do you measure their impact? Our outreach and dissemination strategy is two-fold: increase public awareness and use of our data through media coverage; and promote increased use of our information by policymakers, including donors, grassroots advocates and reform-minded government officials.
Global Integrity publishes via its website (www.globalintegrity.org ). Our research is actively promoted through press conferences, media reports and participation in workshops and conferences around the world. This network-distribution model ensures that in-country experts contributing to Global Integrity Reports themselves become promoters of the research findings. Our work serves as source material to journalists seeking to contextualize reports on corruption and governance, and Global Integrity aggressively cultivates media partners. We also publish print materials, such as The Corruption Notebooks, a paperback companion to the Global Integrity Report. Impact is measured in Web traffic, media citations, and event attendance. Web traffic is used to evaluate the need for individual research areas by comparing specific page loads and length of visits. Media citations are tracked with news alerts and cataloged in a database. To date, Global Integrity research has been cited by 78 newspapers worldwide, as well as numerous wire services, magazines, Internet and broadcast outlets. On the policy side, we conduct roundtable briefings with key stakeholders and policymakers around the world. As an example of this, following our January 2007 release, Global Integrity presented our findings to the World Bank, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the European Commission, a variety of think tanks, and multilateral anti-corruption meetings in Africa and Europe, among others. Key Operational Partnerships - What key partnerships have you established to make your model possible or more efficient? Who are your partners (business, social, government, other) and what are their roles? How central are these partnerships for your initiative. Partnership is a key element of Global Integrity's success, though we value our status as independent observers.
Global Integrity builds networks of individual reporters and journalists, many of whom are well connected to local non-governmental organizations fighting corruption and are able to promote and properly contextualize our results. Our work informs these local anti-corruption efforts, but as an honest broker of information and as an organization that does not engage in advocacy, Global Integrity is not connected to any particular anti-corruption campaign. Instead, our goal is to help fill the information gap for both advocates and governments in order to facilitate honest, fact-based debate. We maintain a number of essential partnerships with dozens of like-minded international NGOs who informally assist in recruiting additional in-country experts each year through their own respective networks. We could not accomplish our work without their assistance and support. Financial Model - Which mechanisms do you have in place to ensure that your beneficiaries can afford your products or services? Do you have financial schemes or arrangements for low-income and marginalized populations? Global Integrity Country Reports are published freely on the Internet and in paper versions. All scores, journalistic reporting, and peer review commentary are available to the public.
Effectiveness - What has been the concrete impact of your project to date? How many people have benefited from your program in total? What policies, communities, or institutions have been influenced to make fundamental changes because of your work? Global Integrity has been widely embraced by governments, civil society groups, private sector actors, and journalists concerned about governance and corruption issues.
For example, Global Integrity country assessments play an important role in shaping the World Bank's Country Policy and Institutional Assessments (CPIA). These internal World Bank staff assessments significantly influence the World Bank's International Development Association (IDA) loan allocations. Eighty-one countries are currently eligible to borrow from IDA; those countries are home to 2.5 billion people. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), a U.S. Government corporation which allocates aid based on a country's commitment to governance, has drawn heavily upon Global Integrity data and assessments. Global Integrity's assessments have also proven critical in the design of MCC's Threshold Programs, which support policy reform in developing countries, particularly in anti-corruption programs. Civil society groups at the grassroots level also appreciate the scope and breadth of our work and the leverage it provides them when advocating for reform. G. Jasper Cummeh, program director for the Center for Transparency and Accountability in Liberia (CENTAL), observes that, "The depth of Global Integrity's work emboldens CENTAL and other civil society groups to confront our government with compelling evidence on the need for governance reform. Global Integrity's work is a clarion call for urgent action."
Scaling up Strategy - What is your priority for the next 3 years and please describe why. Our priorities for the next three years include:
• Scaling up the number of countries covered. In 2006 we covered 43 countries; in 2007 we expect to cover 55; ideally we would like to cover the entire world on a bi-annual basis (80 countries a year on a two-year rotation). • Applying our approach of using in-country expert teams with a consistent scoring methodology to specific sectors in countries, as well as at the local level. With the continued push to decentralize and push governance down to the local level, credible data and metrics and the local level, as well as for specific key sectors (procurement, taxes, judiciary, etc) will become even more crucial. Today, hardly any comprehensive, regularly updated data exists in this space for the vast majority of countries in the world.
Origin of the Initiative - Tell the personal story that will help people connect to your work. How did the initiative start? Was there a particular individual or event driving the idea? Tell the reader the story behind the innovation. Global Integrity began as a project of the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), an international investigative journalism group founded by veteran journalist Charles Lewis.
At the time, aid agencies were suggesting a grand bargain: “more aid for improved governance.” Yet there was little information on corruption and governance produced by an entity without partisan, ideological, or financial agendas. Global Integrity was created to fill that void. Beginning in 1999, Lewis worked with Nathaniel Heller, a CPI research fellow, and Marianne Camerer, a South African academic and anti-corruption expert, to create the first Integrity Indicators, designed to provide context to corruption scandals which appear spontaneous, yet are rooted in failures of the governance framework. Global Integrity incorporated as an independent NGO in September 2005. Main Obstacles to Scaling Up - List the two (2) main obstacles to scale up your innovation (policy, legal, organizational, people, financial, etc.)? Expansion is happening rapidly. Our key challenges are:
1) Effectively communicating the depth and variety of information produced by our researchs and journalists. Main Partnership Challenges - What are your major challenges with partnerships? (E.g., identification of partners, implementation of partnerships, relationship management, etc.) Partnerships must be handled in a way that protects our credibility as independent information providers. We generally engage with local in-country researchers and journalists as individuals, rather than through the organizations they represent. However, informal partnerships with other international groups has been a key enabler to our expansion.
Contact Information:
Jonathan Werve
Director of Operations Global Integrity (NGO) Discussions about this entry |

Corruption relies upon 3 common ingredients
Lack of knowledge of its existence
Superior Power, influence and collective strength.
Silence of the Truth
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The required remedies are therefore
Information
Equality of power to halt and resist corruptive influence
Denial of secrecy and silencing of the Truth.
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Corruption wins when the effort to
halt such lacks unity of purpose.
Therefore efforts against corruption
must be organized and United.
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Corruption has become brazen, blatant, flagrant
and has the ability to thrive in a self indulgent
society like a virus without a cure.
Such as the In re eToys matter.
Having grown up in Africa, I've seen the terrible impact of corruption on those simply trying to earn a living. Traffic fines become prison terms, successful small businesses are press ganged by those with more protection, indifference to paying for services provided impoverishes the already struggling.
A standardized benchmark to measure integrity and corruption across nations is a powerful tool to focus attention on the worst offenders. Effecting change will always be the challenge but an impartial index highlighting those most disadvantaged is an important step.
Congratulations to the team at Global Integrity on their much deserved recognition.
Best of success
Jeremy Edwards
I would like to thank everyone who voted in the Changemakers anti-corruption competition.
It is an honor to be chosen as a winner, and we are delighted to have participated. Already, the simple act of completing the application has helped us sharpen our messaging and better communicate our mission. Being chosen as a finalist was a delightful excuse to engage our grassroots networks, and the positive comments that provoked were a welcome reminder that there is a broad interest in the work we do. Altogether, a fantastic experience. Thank you to Changemakers and Ashoka for that opportunity.
Best regards,
Jonathan Werve
Director of Operations
Global Integrity | Independent Information on Governance and Corruption | http://www.globalintegrity.org
Hello,
My name is Rich Gottbreht from Global Insights and I am one of the entrants in the competition. Our work centers on helping anyone concerned about corruption learn about the subject through my book, our board game and its associated seminars, as well as low cost consulting. To find out more about us please visit our website www.globalinsights.biz. From the home page, you can link to information about us, our products and what people say about our products and services. From the details in the initiative we submitted you should also note that some of the proceeds from our sales will eventually go to a high integrity leadership development foundation. Also, if you are interested, down the road we will be looking for alliances and contacts in every country.
Thanks,
Rich Gottbreht
I've heard great things about Global Integrity through word-of-mouth from various local workers in Africa. I work in rural Congo so am pretty isolated when not in Kinshasa (or on leave, as now). Have any stories have been written about Global Integrity in newspapers in developing countries, especially in Congo (Kinshasa). (I did read an article about it in the International Herald-Tribune.) Thanks, and keep up the great work!
Thanks for your note! We are cited frequently by journalists seeking to provide context to corruption scandals that break. Our reports allow journalists to place the scandal of the moment into a bigger picture of openness and government accountability.
Global Integrity research has been cited by at least 78 newspapers worldwide, many of them in the developing world. Newspapers without online editions are difficult to track, so it is likely that we are undercounting, but we don't know of any coverage in D.R. of Congo.
We're glad to hear that we are getting good word-of-mouth in your area. We've been very active in Sub-Saharan Africa and will continue expanding our efforts there.
Cheers,
Jonathan Werve
Director of Operations, Global Integrity
Global Integrity :: Independent Information on Governance and Corruption
http://www.globalintegrity.org
Lots of rhetoric in this proposal, but not much objective evidence of impact, not enough information on methodology, and not sufficient material showing that this is an innovation.
The criticism of cross-country perception-based indicators is justified. However, what is proposed here is also a cross-country index. Integrity assessment has been done before, though perhaps not presented in this comprehensive a comparative format. In order to judge how important this is, we need more detail on the methodology. The website presents a list of questions. How are these coded and ranked? Why is there so little here on economic structures, political economy, and state capture? The list looks incomplete. Moreover, as we do not know how ‘integrity’ factors are assessed, the argument that this method is more objective than perception indicators does not hold – who is doing the assessing and how?
As big a problem is the implicit assumption that formal structural ‘integrity’ factors determine levels of corruption. They no doubt have some impact, but it is an arguable proposition that they have more impact than other factors such as ethnic fractionalization and market competition, and that these integrity factors should be the sole criteria for cross-country corruption rankings is even more debatable. The relationship of these governmental ‘inputs’ to actual performance on a corruption metric is not well-explained.
This seems to be a promising initiative that can add much to our measures of corruption, but these factors need to be addressed more seriously if this is to be considered an innovative program with potential for real impact.
Patrick,
Thank you for your attention to our proposal. I'm happy to provide additional information and address two of your concerns directly:
1) I'll explain the exact process of generating a score for a particular Integrity Indicator;
2) I'll address the assumptions that underpin our work.
1)
You asked about our methodology. I'm happy to report that this is entirely transparent, and is explained at length in a white paper ( http://www.globalintegrity.org/data/2006methodology.cfm ). This should provide the answers you seek, but for readers here, I'll address a few points directly. You asked how Integrity Indicator assessments are conducted, and how we select our team members. These are related questions, so I'll address them together by walking through the process for one of the roughly 12,000 data points we generated in 2006. All of the following information is published on our website ( www.globalintegrity.org ).
In the Philippines, our lead researcher is Dr. Mahar Mangahas, director of the Filipino organization Social Weather Stations ( http://www.sws.org.ph/ ). We worked with him in 2004, after specifically inviting him to participate. We initially selected him based on his independence; his impressive history as a governance researcher; and the recommendation of arguably the Philippines’ leading investigative journalist, Sheila Coronel. Ms. Coronel was head of the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism ( http://www.pcij.org/ ), and someone we had personally worked with through the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. This is fairly typical; we use personal networks extensively to find and vet candidates who share our commitment to accurate, independent research.
Dr. Mangahas then addressed each of the 295 Integrity Indicators for the Philippines, providing a score, qualitative commentary and an external reference. For instance, in Category 4: Civil Service and Administration, we ask if there is a law protecting whistleblowers (subsequent indicators, which I do not list here, examine whether the law works in practice):
41a: In law, civil servants who report cases of corruption, graft, abuse of power, or abuse of resources are protected from recrimination or other negative consequences.
For this indicator, Dr. Mangahas has two score options, which he reads before providing his score:
A YES score is earned if there are specific laws against recrimination against public sector whistleblowers. This may include prohibitions on termination, transfer, harassment or other consequences.
A NO score is earned if there are no legal protections for public-sector whistleblowers.
Dr. Mangahas provided the following answer:
Score: NO.
Comments: The fact that a Whistleblower bill is now pending in Congress indicates ongoing efforts to strengthen such protection.
References: Interview with Atty. Marlon Manuel, Executive Director of Alternative Legal Assistance Center (SALIGAN) Ateneo de Manila University, 2006.
This answer is then evaluated by Global Integrity to ensure it addresses the question as we intended; we discuss the answer further with the local researcher if clarification is needed. From there, each country report goes to a double-blind peer review process. In this case, the peer reviewers were Gemma Bagayaua, Vincent Lazatin, Anga Timilsina, and Alan Hicken, who represent a mix of other local researchers and journalists and international analysts with expertise in the Philippines. The peer reviewers supported Dr. Mangahas's score, and provided this additional commentary:
Peer Review Comments: There is no such law and a whistleblower protection bill is pending.
Peer Review Comments: Executive Order 464 requires heads of agencies and some government officials to secure approval from the president before testifying during Congressional investigations.
Peer review comments are attributed to the panel, rather than to individual authors to help encourage honest criticism. In some cases, peer reviewers will disagree with the lead researcher's assessment. This can cause us to adjust scores, or seek additional references. In some cases, peer reviewers will disagree with each other. In all cases, the peer review panel's critical perspectives are published alongside the scores. A read through an Integrity Scorecard can provide not only our final assessment, but also highlight what areas of the research are the most controversial, uncertain and likely to change over time. We fully understand the limits of quantitative data, and have produced a tremendous volume of qualitative commentary (more than 750,000 words in 2006) to add context to these numbers. We also publish narrative critiques by leading local journalists (like Ms. Coronel, mentioned earlier).
You can see the above exchange on our website ( http://tinyurl.com/2h3yky ). That process was repeated for each of the roughly 12,000 data points that make up the Global Integrity Report and the Global Integrity Index for 43 countries in 2006.
2)
Patrick's second critique addressed "the implicit assumption that formal structural ‘integrity’ factors determine levels of corruption." We'll go ahead and make that an explicit assumption: we believe that good governance matters when it comes to reducing corruption, though we agree it is not the only factor. We believe that transparency, accountability, and effective watchdog mechanisms have a positive effect on corruption and abuses of power. This assumption, rooted in academic literature and our experience, drives everything we do.
As Patrick points out, good governance is one input into a complex, opaque system of corruption (perception surveys measure one set of outputs). Patrick points out other inputs: ethnic makeup, economic conditions, and so on. These other inputs often feature in the journalistic components of the Global Integrity Report; we capture them in an ad hoc way qualitatively. The Integrity Indicators, which Patrick cited, address only good governance and anti-corruption mechanisms (defined broadly).
The Integrity Indicators are a focused, solution-oriented tool; we are engaging the part of the problem that governments, media, activists, and international bodies can most easily change. A new government can't change it's nation's demographics, but it can pass a Freedom of Information law and follow through to make sure it works in practice. We provide baseline information to give stakeholders a roadmap of transparent, discrete steps towards good governance, and we tell them exactly how they are doing on each of those issues. As we frequently say, we don't measure corruption; we measure one set of inputs to a highly complex and inherently opaque system.
Patrick, thank you again for the opportunity to address these issues; your critical feedback helps us sharpen our message and stay grounded. Please let me know if you have further questions or concerns.
Best regards,
Jonathan Werve
Director of Operations, Global Integrity
Global Integrity :: Information on governance and corruption for global citizens.
http://www.globalintegrity.org
Hello Changemakers,
I want to open the floor for feedback, suggestions and criticism of Global Integrity, the Global Integrity Report, and good governance research in general. Your insights are highly valued and I will be available to answer any questions you have.
Cheers,
Jonathan
Jonathan Werve
Director of Operations, Global Integrity
:: Global Integrity :: Information on governance and corruption for global citizens.
http://www.globalintegrity.org